Education

• Master in Economics and Business Administration, Bocconi University (Milan)
• Postgraduate Studies in International Economics, Princeton University (USA)

Professional career

1. Entered the Bank of Italy in June 1967. Assigned to Milan Branch - Banking Supervision (1967-69)
2. Seconded to the International Monetary Fund (Washington)
1. Economist in the Exchange and Trade Relations Department (1970-73)
2. Assistant to the Executive Director for Italy (1973-75)
3. Returned to the Bank of Italy
1. Head of the International Monetary Issues Section, Research Department (1975-81)
2. Head of International Division, Research Department (1982-84)
3. Head of the Foreign Department (1984-97)
4. Central Director for International Affairs (since September 1997)

Other currently held positions

• Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe (Bruxelles)
• Chairman of the Working Table on Economic Reconstruction, Development and Cooperation (since September 1999)
• European Central Bank (Frankfurt)
• Member of the International Relations Committee
• Committee Group of Ten
• Member of the Deputies
• Committee Group of Twenty
• Member of the Deputies
• Committee for the Euro (Ministry of the Treasury - Italy)
• Member of the Executive Council
• Chairman of the Finance Sub-Committee

Past positions include:

• European Monetary Institute (Frankfurt)
• Member of the Committee of Alternates
• Chairman of the Foreign Exchange Policy Sub-Committee
• Bank for International Settlements (Basle)
• Chairman of the Gold and Foreign Exchange Committee of the G-10 Central Banks